BRI Countries 一带一路非洲国家系列 48 | Mauritania 毛里塔尼亚

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Mauritania is a country in Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest.

毛里塔尼亚是西北非的一个国家。西部滨大西洋，北部接西撒哈拉，东北与阿尔及利亚接壤，东与东南接马里，西南与塞内加尔接壤。

The National Flag

The national flag of Mauritania is a green field with a golden star and a crescent at the center, with a red stripe at the top and bottom of the field. The star, crescent and green color are symbols of Islam, green also represents hope, yellow stands for the sands of the Sahara Desert, while red symbolizes the blood shed in the struggle for independence.

毛里塔尼亚国旗是绿色背景中间有一颗金色的星和一个新月，背景的顶部和底部各一条红色条纹。金色星、新月和绿色是伊斯兰教的象征，绿色也代表希望，黄色代表撒哈拉沙漠的沙地，红色代表独立斗争中的流血。

The National Anthem

The national anthem of Mauritania is "Bilada-l ubati-l hudati-l kiram" meaning "Country of the Proud, Guiding Noblemen".

毛里塔尼亚的国歌是“Bilada-l ubati-l hudati-l kiram”意思是“骄傲的贵族之国”。

Currency 货币

The currency used in Mauritania is Mauritanian ouguiya.

毛里塔尼亚货币是毛里塔尼亚乌吉亚。

Population 人口 

▲Students take a group picture | Credit: Getty

学生合影留念

The population of Mauritania as of 2020 estimates is 4.65 million.

2020年，毛里塔尼亚的人口估计数为四百六十五万。

Cities 城市

▲ Presidential Palace in Nouakchott

努瓦克肖特的总统府

Nouakchott 努瓦克肖特

Nouakchott is the country's capital and largest city, it is the country’s economic hub and has a deep-water port and two international airports. The name Nouakchott means Place of the Winds. 

努瓦克肖特是毛里塔尼亚的首都和最大城市，也是毛里塔尼亚的经济中心，有一个深水港和两个国际机场。努瓦克肖特的意思是“风之地”。

Nouadhibou 努阿迪布

This is the country’s major commercial center. Main attractions here are markets and monk seals. Its port is the world's largest ship graveyard with over 300 ships.

这是毛里塔尼亚主要的商业中心。这里的主要景点是集市和僧侣海豹。它的港口是世界上最大的报废船港，大约有300多艘。

Other major cities include Néma, Kaédi, Rosso, Kiffa, Zouérat, Atar, Tékane, Sélibaby, etc.

其他主要城市包括奈玛、卡埃迪、罗索、基法、邹雅特、阿塔尔、特肯、塞勒巴比，等等。

Attractions 景点

Although many governments warn against non-essential travel to Mauritania, it is a place to be desired and hopeful the situation will change soon. Old Berber settlements of the desert, ancient sandstone mosques, adobe villages, birdlife, desert plateaus, etc. are some of the things that come to mind when traveling to Mauritania.

虽然许多国家政府警告人民不必要的情况下不要去毛里塔尼亚旅游，但是我们希望这种情况很快就会改变。沙漠的老柏柏尔定居点、古老的沙岩清真寺、土坯村、鸟类生活区、沙漠高原等都是值得一游的地方。

Chinguetti 奇古埃蒂

Chinguetti was once an important trading stopover, nowadays, brick-built towers and the old fortresses of the Berber tribes and Almoravids dating back to the middle ages are the main attractions. The place is a part of a larger UNESCO World Heritage Site.

奇古埃蒂曾经是一个主要贸易中转站，如今的景点有柏柏尔部落和阿尔莫拉维德人的中世纪砖砌塔楼和古老堡垒等。奇古埃蒂是联合国教科文组织世界遗产的一部分。

Terjit 特尔吉特

The oasis town of Terjit is also one of the most sought after by tourists. Verdant date palms, greenery surrounded by a sea of sand is just a simple description of this town. There are onsite camping spots below the palm boughs, a petting zoo with camels, etc.

绿洲小镇特尔吉特也是游客最喜欢的地方之一。青翠的枣椰树，绿意盎然的沙滩，只是这个小镇的一个简单描述。棕榈枝下有现场露营点，还有骆驼等的宠物动物园等。

Banc d’Arguin 阿古丁扳壳

This is one of Mauritania's national parks. UNESCO describes it as one of the planet’s most important zones for nesting birds and migratory waders, with more than 2 million birds arriving annually from northern Europe, Greenland and Siberia. The coastal landscape includes an unusual mingling of coastal habitats -- swamps, seagrass beds, shallow ocean waters, mudflats and islands -- with the expansive sand dunes of the desert. 

这是在毛里塔尼亚的国家公园之一。联合国教科文组织称，这里是地球上最重要的筑巢鸟类和迁徙涉禽区之一，每年有200多万只鸟类从北欧、格陵兰岛和西伯利亚飞来。海岸景观包括一个不寻常的混合海岸栖息地-沼泽，海草床，浅海水域，泥滩和岛屿-还有沙漠的广阔沙丘。

There are sea turtles, dolphins, whales, endangered monk seals and 45 fish species inhabiting the marine zones of the park, while hyenas, jackals and a remnant population of gazelles are sometimes spotted on land. It is said that the population of nesting birds here is the highest in all of West Africa.

公园的海洋区域栖息着海龟、海豚、鲸鱼、濒临灭绝的僧海豹和45种鱼类，而鬣狗、豺狼和一些瞪羚有时也会在陆地上出现。据说这里筑巢鸟的数量是整个西非最多的。

Tichit 提契特

This town is also another part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, there is a Tichit Mosque and an ancient city which uses Tichit's only colored quarry stones.

这个小镇也是联合国教科文组织世界遗产的一部分，有一个提契特清真寺和一个提契特特有的彩色石头的筑成的古城。

Ouadâne 瓦丹

This town is officially inhabited but due to its harsh conditions, most of the locals are departing it. Here there are numerous collections of adobe stone barrios.

这个城镇本是有人居住的，但由于条件恶劣，人们陆续离开。这里有许多土坯建筑的贫民区。

Oualâta 瓦拉塔

This is also another part of Mauritania's UNESCO World Heritage Site. There is a collapsed old town and a grand Oualâta Mosque.

这也是毛里塔尼亚联合国教科文组织世界遗产的一部分，有一座倒塌的旧城区和一座瓦拉塔大清真寺。

Diawling National Park 迪沃林国家公园

The national park is also a bird's paradise, with pelicans, Sudanese golden sparrows, northern pintails, and pink-hued flamingos. It is also famous for its acacia woods and golden wolves.

在这个国家公园可以发现鹈鹕、苏丹金雀、北方针尾鸭和粉红火烈鸟。它还以金合欢林和金狼而闻名。

People and Culture 人与文化

Mauritania is the only country in West Africa ruled by people with a nomadic heritage. Mauritanian culture is a combination of Islamic, French and traditional African influences. The Moors' social activities often revolve around the traditional glass of Arab tea with mint.

毛里塔尼亚是西非唯一一个由游牧民族统治的国家。毛里塔尼亚文化受伊斯兰、法国和非洲影响。摩尔人的社交活动经常围绕着传统的阿拉伯薄荷茶。

Note: Mauritania women do not shake hands with foreign men, and people do not eat in front of their in-laws or address older persons by name.

注意：毛里塔尼亚女性不与陌生男子握手，人们也不在他们的姻亲面前吃饭，也不指名道姓地称呼老年人。

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